I've had a similar issue in the past with my CD/DVD drive not recognizing the installation disc. It sounds like you've already done some good troubleshooting by checking the BIOS and trying different discs. Sometimes, the installation disc itself might have a scratch or a flaw that's hard to notice. If possible, try cleaning the disc or even testing it on another computer to see if it's recognized there.
Creating a bootable USB might actually be a quicker solution if the CD is indeed the problem. Tools like Microsoft's Media Creation Tool make it pretty straightforward to create a bootable USB for Windows 10. I did this once when I faced a similar situation, and it worked perfectly. If you're still keen on sticking with the CD/DVD method, you might want to try accessing the drive from a command prompt or a different OS to see if it's truly reading everything properly.
Good luck, and I hope you find a quick solution!